Chresta artemisiifolia, a new species from northern Bahia, is described and illustrated. This species occurs on rock outcrops amidst the dry Caatinga domain, and is morphologically related with C. harleyi, C. hatschbachii , C. martii and C. subverticillata. It is endemic to a region known as Boqueirão da Onça, where a national park has recently been created. We hope that the description of this taxon contributes to the efforts in the preservation of this area.