Two new rupicolous and endangered species from the Caatinga are described and illustrated. Chresta heteropappa is restricted to the brejos de altitude (montane forests) from Northeastern Ceará, growing on granite inselbergs. Chresta subverticillata occurs in Northern Bahia, inhabiting quartzitic outcrops on the Chapada Diamantina mountain range. Relationships of the two new taxa to other Chresta species are discussed, and a key for all species occurring in the Caatinga domain is presented, as well as maps and illustrations, including field pictures.